The block manager manages the reading and writing of disk blocks.
The format of the data file is given by structures in block.h
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The cloud storage source extension which manage the flushing of the data files to and reading from different cloud object stores.
Pre-fetch is a performance optimization that aims to reduce I/O latency by reading pages from disk into memory before they are required by the application.
Tiered storage allows B-Trees to be stored into multiple places, more recently updated blocks are on local disk and less recently updated blocks are in cloud storage.